LLM Architecture Deep Dive: From Transformer to MoE Evolution

Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

1. Transformer Architecture: The Big Bang of Modern AI

Before the 2017 publication of “Attention Is All You Need,” natural language processing (NLP) relied mainly on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM). However, RNN’s sequential processing created two fatal flaws: first, difficulty capturing long-range semantic dependencies; second, inability to leverage GPU-scale parallel computation. The Transformer changed everything.

1.1 The Mathematical Essence of Attention

The soul of the Transformer is Self-Attention. Its core idea: every token in a sequence should determine its own representation based on all other tokens in context.

Deep Learning on AI Brief | AI-101.tech

LLM Architecture Deep Dive: From Transformer to MoE Evolution

1. Transformer Architecture: The Big Bang of Modern AI

1.1 The Mathematical Essence of Attention